Mortgage Basics

Learn the difference between pre-qualification and pre-approval, why they matter, and how they can help buyers prepare before shopping for a home.

Understand how lenders may look at your monthly income and debts when reviewing mortgage affordability.

Learn how loan-to-value ratio works and why it matters for purchases, refinances, HELOCs, and mortgage insurance.

Compare fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages so you can better understand payment stability, rate changes, and long-term tradeoffs.

Learn what closing costs are, what they may include, and why they matter when buying or refinancing a home.

Understand how escrow accounts work and why your monthly mortgage payment may include taxes and insurance.

Learn what PMI is, when it may be required, and how it can affect your monthly mortgage payment.

Learn the difference between interest rate and APR so you can compare mortgage offers more clearly.

Learn what a Loan Estimate is, what it includes, and how to use it when comparing mortgage options.

Understand what a Closing Disclosure is and why it is one of the most important documents to review before closing.

Learn how mortgage payments are divided between principal and interest over time.

Learn what happens during underwriting and why lenders review credit, income, assets, debts, and property details.

Learn the difference between a lender and a servicer, and what a mortgage servicer does after your loan closes.

Learn how mortgage rate locks work, why they matter, and what can happen if a lock expires before closing.

Understand discount points, lender credits, and how upfront costs can affect your mortgage rate.

Learn what cash to close means and how it differs from your down payment and closing costs.

Learn how a mortgage recast can lower a monthly payment without replacing the original loan.

Understand what a payoff statement is, when you may need one, and why the payoff amount can differ from your current balance.

Learn why title searches are part of many real estate transactions and how they help identify ownership or lien issues.

Understand the difference between insurance that protects the lender and insurance that protects the home.

Learn how conventional loans work, who they may fit, and how they differ from government-backed mortgage programs.

Learn the basics of FHA loans, including down payment, credit, mortgage insurance, and property considerations.

Learn how VA loans may help eligible veterans, service members, and certain surviving spouses finance a home.

Learn how jumbo loans work and why larger loan amounts may have different requirements.

Learn how mortgage terms work and how choosing 15, 20, or 30 years can affect monthly payment and total interest.

Learn what a mortgage note is and why it is one of the key documents signed at closing.

Learn what a mortgage commitment letter is and how it differs from pre-approval.

Learn what a property survey shows and why it may matter during a home purchase or refinance.

Learn what mortgage brokers do and how they differ from direct lenders.

Understand what mortgage lenders do and how they review applications for home loans, refinances, and home equity products.

Learn what information may be requested during a mortgage application and how to prepare.

Learn why credit is reviewed during the mortgage process and what borrowers should understand before applying.